Technical Results

Technical Results

    Title Author(s) Year Project ID
    Assessment of Incompatibility of HVAC Equipment and Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI) Breakers-Phase | Report S. Bunton, A. Wright, S. Minehan  2023 AHRI-8029
    Role of Combustion-based Building Equipment in Decarbonization P. Glanville 2023 AHRI-8030
    Repeatability and Reproducibility Assessment of CSA EXP07:19 and AHRI 210-240:2023 P. Dhillon, T. Horton, J. Braun 2022 AHRI–8026
    Risk Assessment of Transport Refrigeration Systems Using A2L Flammable Refrigerants,  T. Lewandowski and J. Kondziolka  2022 AHRI-8023
    A2L Refrigerants and Firefighter Tactical Considerations G. Hunter 2021 AHRI–8028
    Assessment of Hydrogen Enriched Natural Gas .A. Needley and L. Peronski 2021 AHRI–8024
    Investigation of Energy Produced by Potential Ignition Sources in Residential Application D.K. Kim and P.B. Sunderland 2017 AHRI–8017
    The Effect of Lower Return Air Temperatures on Furnace Heat Exchangers R. Sandstrom et al 2017 AHRI–8014
    Field Evaluation Methods of Combustion Equipment in Residences N. Hughes and C. Suchovsky 2017 AHRI–8011
    Review of Refrigerant Management Programs Navigant Consulting 2016 AHRI–8018
    Risk Assessment of Class 2L Refrigerants in Commercial Rooftop Units B. Goetzler et al 2016 AHRI–8016
    Developing Fan Power Terminal Unit Performance Data and Models Compatible with Energy Plus D. O'Neal et al, J. Bryan et al, and P. Yin 2016 AHRI–8012
    A Study of Methods to Represent Compressor Performance Data over an Operating Envelope Based on a Finite Set of Test Data V. Aute, C. Martin, and R. Radermacher 2015 AHRI–8013
    Risk Assessment of Refrigeration Systems Using A2L Flammable Refrigerants Gradient Corp 2015 AHRI–8009
    Material Compatibility & Lubricants Research for Low–GWP Refrigerants–Phase II: Chemical and Material Compatibility of Low GWP Refrigerants with HVACR Materials of Construction J. Majurin et al 2014 AHRI–8007
    The Impact of Duct Design on Life Cycle Costs of Central Residential Heating and Air–conditioning Systems B. Stephens 2014 AHRI–8002
    Universal Vent Test Report P. Glanville 2013 AHRI–8010
    Low Global Warming Potential (GWP) Refrigerants, Phase II: Defining the Configurations of Residential Air–Conditioning and Heat Pump Systems Using Hydrocarbons, Ammonia, Carbon Dioxide, and HFO–1234yf as Refrigerants and Meeting Previously Defined Safety Requirements W. Goetzler, D. Westphalen, and J. Burgos 2013 AHRI–8006
    Risk Assessment of Class 2L Refrigerants in Chiller Systems B. Goetzler, M. Guernsey, and C. Weber 2013 AHRI–8005
    Risk Assessment of Residential Heat Pump Systems Using 2L Flammable Refrigerants T. Lewandowski 2012 AHRI–8004
    Technical Feasibility Study Carbon Monoxide Sensing Safety Systems for Appliances D. Kalensky, and  F. Johnson 2011 AHRI–8001
    Thermal Stability and Chemical Compatibility of R–22 Replacement Refrigerants R. Cavestri, M. El–Shazly, and D. Seeger–Clevenger 2010 AHRI–8003

    Title

    Author(s)

    Year

    Project ID

    Materials Compatibility and Lubricants Research for Low GWP Refrigerants: Chemical Stability of Low GWP Refrigerants with Lubricants S. Kujak et al. 2022 AHRTI–9016-1
    Assessment of Refrigerant Leakage Mitigation Effectiveness for Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Equipment M. Skierkiewicz and B. Rodgers 2021 AHRTI-9015
    Refrigerant Detector Characteristics for Use in HVACR Equipment J. Zheng and S. Elbel 2021 AHRTI–9014
    Experimental Study on the Consequences of Full-scale Ignition Events Involving the A2L Refrigerant R-454C S. Davis and J. Pagliaro 2019 AHRTI–9013
    Benchmarking Risk by Whole Room Scale Leaks and Ignitions Testing of A3 Refrigerants G. Hunter 2019 AHRTI–9007–02
    Experimental Study on the Consequences of Full-scale Ignition Events Involving the A2L Refrigerant R-454C S. Davis and J. Pagliaro 2019 AHRTI–9013
    Hot Surface Ignition of A2L Refrigerants M. Cundy 2017 AHRTI–9008
    Leak Detection of A2L Refrigerants in HVACR Equipment M. Wagner and R. Ferenchiak, 2017 AHRTI–9009
    Benchmarking Risk by Whole Room Scale Leaks and Ignitions Testing of A2L Refrigerants P. Gandhi et al 2017 AHRTI–9007–01
    Joining Techniques Assessment D. Clodic and Y. Yu 2014 AHRTI–9006
    ASHRAE SPC 177P Fractionation Apparatus Evaluation A. Kusmierz 2013 AHRTI–9005
    Novel Materials for Heat Exchangers, Phase II Report A Jacobi et al 2013 AHRTI–06030–02
    Performance Standards for Walk–in Refrigerator and Freezer Systems B. Becker, B. Fricke, and B. Sartin, 2012 AHRTI–9002–01
    Material Compatibility & Lubricants Research for Low GWP Refrigerants – Phase I: Thermal and Chemical Stability of Low GWP Refrigerants with Lubricants N. D. Rohatgi, R. W. Clark, and D. R. Hurst 2012 AHRTI–9004–01
    Void Fraction Measurement and Modeling for Condensing Refrigerant Flows in Small Diameter Tubes T.A. Shedd 2012 AHRTI–20110–01
    Life Cycle Climate Performance Model for Residential Heat Pump Systems M. Zhang et al 2011 AHRTI–9003–01
    Review of Regulations and Standards for the Use of Refrigerants with GWP Values Less than 20 in HVAC&R Applications W. Goetzler et al 2010 ARTI–09001–01
    Particle Image Velocimetry Measurements and CFD–Based Predictions of Air Distribution at Evaporator Inlet and Outlet D. Yashar and P. Domanski 2009 ARTI–07010–01
    Novel Materials for Heat Exchangers, Phase I Report A. Jacobi et al 2008 ARTI–06030–01
    Electro–Osmosis for Dehumidification D. Gerlach 2008 ARTI–10090–02
    Recovery of Throttling Losses by a Two–Phase Ejector in a Vapor Compression Cycle F. Liu and E. Groll 2008 ARTI–10110–01
    Near–Critical/Supercritical Heat Transfer Measurements of R–410A in Small Diameter Tube S. Garimella 2008 ARTI–20120–01
    Electrostatic Forces and Water Sprays for Temperature, Humidity, and Indoor Air Quality Control J. Hensley and J. Bryan 2008 ARTI-20140–01
    Thermoelectric Technology Assessment Yang 2007 ARTI–10120–01
    — currently in development
    Whole House Ventilation System Options – Phase 1 Simulation Study J. Lstiburek, B. Pettit, and A. Rudd 2007 ARTI–30090–01

    21CR Program Reports

    Electronic copies of 21CR project reports are available upon request from AHRI Vice President of Research.

      Report

      Author Name

      Strategic Planning for the HVACR Industry, Report I – Industry Opportunities

      J. M. Tooman, Inc., 2001

      Strategic Planning for the HVACR Industry, Report II – Research Recommendations

      J. M. Tooman, Inc., 2001

      ARTI Report Name

      Report Author(s)

      Report ID

      The Efficiency Limits of Water Vapor Compressors Suitable for Air–Conditioning Applications

      Wright, Yoshinaka, Le Drew, and D'Orsi, 2000

      ARTI–21CR/605–10010–01

      Microchannel Heat Exchangers with Carbon Dioxide

      Zhao, Ohadi, and Radermacher, 2001

      ARTI–21CR/605–10020–01

      Evaluation of the Performance Potential of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) as a Refrigerant in Air–to–Air Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps: System Modeling and Analysis

      Ortiz, Li and Groll, 2003

      ARTI–21CR/610–10030–01

      Evaluating the Performance of Thermoacoustic Cooling

      Braun, Mongeau, Minner, Alexander, and Paek, 2001

      ARTI–21CR/610–10040–01

      Fundamental Understanding of Heat and Mass Transfer in Ammonia–Water Absorber

      Garimella, 2006

      ARTI–21CR/612–10050–01 Interim Report – Phase 1

      Fundamental Understanding of Heat and Mass Transfer in Ammonia–Water Absorber — Phase 2

      Garimella, 2007

      ARTI–21CR/612–10050–02 Final Report — Phase 2

      Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Compressor–Expander Analysis

      Huff and Radermacher, 2003

      TI–21CR/611–10060–01

      Measurement of Performance of Carbon Dioxide Compressors

      Hubacher and Groll, 2002

      ARTI–21CR/611–10070–01

      Model and Evaluation Tools for Assessing Magnetocaloric Effect for Space Conditioning and Refrigeration Applications

      Engelbrecht, Nellis, and Klein, 2005

      ARTI–21CR–612–10075–01

      Use of Water Vapor as a Refrigerant: Part II; Cycle Modifications and System Impacts on Commercial Feasibility

      Lachner Jr., Nellis, and Reindl, 2004

      ARTI–21CR/611–10080–01

      ARTI Report Name

      Report Author(s)

      Report ID

      Evaluating the Ability of Unitary Equipment to Maintain Adequate Space Humidity Levels

      Brandemuehl and Katejanekarn, 2001

      ARTI–21CR/605–20010–01

      Evaluating the Ability of Unitary Equipment to Maintain Adequate Space Humidity Levels — Phase II

      Witte and Henninger, 2006

      ARTI–21CR/605–20011–01
      ARTI–21CR/605–20011–01A Appendices

      An Assessment of the State–of–the–Art and Potential Design Improvements, for Flat–tube Heat Exchangers in Air–Conditioning and Refrigeration Applications — Phase I

      Jacobi, Park, Tafti, and Zhang, 2001

      ARTI–21CR/605–20020–01

      Flat–Tube Heat Exchangers in Air–Conditioning and Refrigeration Applications — Phase II

      Jacobi, Park, Zhong, Michna, and Xia, 2005

      ARTI–21CR/611–20021–01

      Application of High–Temperature Mold Materials to Die Cast Copper Motor Rotor for Improved Efficiency

      author

      link

      Economical Copper Rotor Production

      Peters, Cowie, Brush, Jr., and Midson, 2003

      ARTI–21CR/605–20030–01

      Motor Test Results, Copper vs. Aluminum

      Brush, Jr., Cowie, Peters, and Van Son, 2003

      ARTI–21CR/605–20030–02

      Refrigerant Evaporation Characteristics Inside Flat Passages

      Thome and Quiben, 2005

      ARTI–21CR/605–20040–01

      Potential Benefits of Smart Refrigerant Distributors

      Payne and Domanski, 2003

      ARTI–21CR/610–20050–01

      High Condensing Temperature Heat Transfer Performance of Low Critical Temperature Refrigerants

      High Condensing Temperature Heat Transfer Performance of Low Critical Temperature Refrigerants. (ARTI–21CR/610–20060–01)

      ARTI–21CR/610–20060–01

      Variable Primary Flow Chilled Water Systems: Potential Benefits and Application Issues

      Bahnfleth and Peyer, 2004

      ARTI–21CR/611–20070–01

      Critical Literature Review on Lubricant Influence in Refrigerant Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop

      Shen and Groll, 2003

      ARTI–21CR/611–20080–01

      Comparison of the Total Energy Consumption of Series vs. Parallel Fan Powered VAV Terminal Units

      N/A

      1292–RP

      Phase I Development of Models for Series and Parallel Fan Variable Air Volume Terminal Units

      Furr, Jr., O'Neal, Davis, Bryant; and Cramlet, 2007

      ARTI–21CR/612–20090–01, Phase 1 Report

      Phase 2 Comparison of the Total Energy Consumption of Series versus Parallel Fan Powered VAV Terminal Units

      Davis; Bryant, O'Neal, Hervey; and Cramlet, 2007

      ARTI–21CR/612–20090–02, Phase 2 Report

      ARTI Report Name

      Report Author(s)

      Report ID

      Defining the Effectiveness of UV Lamps Installed in Circulating Air Ductwork

      N/A

      N/A

      ARTI–21CR/610–40030–01

      VanOsdell and Foarde

      ARTI–21CR/610–40030–01

      Investigation of Building Exhaust Air Re–Entrainment Into Outdoor Air Intakes of Packaged Outdoor HVAC Equipment — Phase I

      Stickford, Saunders, Hesse, Osborne, and Talbert, 2002

      ARTI–21CR/610–40040–01

      Investigation of Building Exhaust Air Re–Entrainment Into Outdoor Air Intakes of Packaged Outdoor HVAC Equipment — Phase II

      Osborne, Aume, Goshe, Ricci, and Talbert, 2005

      ARTI–21CR/612–40041–01

      The Role of Filtration in Maintaining Clean Heat Exchanger Coils

      Yang, Braun, and Groll, 2004

      ARTI–21CR/611–40050–01

      Simulating the Performance of Natural and Hybrid Ventilation Systems in U.S. Office Buildings

      Emmerich and Crum, 2005

      ARTI–21CR/611–40076–01

      Portable Mold Detectors — Operating Requirements

      Harriman, 2004

      N/A

      ARTI–21CR/612–40080–01

      N/A

      ARTI–21CR/612–40080–01

      Portable Mold Detectors — Survey of Potential Technologies

      Harriman, 2005

      N/A

      ARTI–21CR/612–40080–02

      N/A

      ARTI–21CR/612–40080–02

      Portable Mold Detectors — Technical Feasibility and Operational Requirements

      De Jesús, Balasubramanian, Bayer, Greneker, Harriman, Hendry, Rowland, Showman, Sylvester, and Trostel, 2006

      ARTI–21CR/612–40080–03

      ARTI Report Name

      Report Author(s)

      Report ID

      Investigation of R–410A Air Conditioning System Performance Operating at Extreme Ambient Temperatures up to the Refrigerant Critical Point – ORNL

      Rice, 2005

      ARTI–21CR/605–50015–01

      Determination of Refrigerant Lower Flammability Limits in Compliance with Proposal Addendum 34p to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34 (ASHRAE 1073–RP)

      Wilson and Richard, 2002

      ARTI–21CR/605–50020–01

      Assessment of the Commercial Implications of ASHRAE A3 Flammable Refrigerants Used in Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Systems,

      Goetzler and Dieckmann, 2001

      ARTI–21CR/610–50025–01

      Study of the Effects of Water in Synthetic Lubricant Systems and Clathrate Formation

      Rohatgi, 2001

      ARTI–21CR/610–50035–01

      Development of a Reproducible Screening Method to Determine the Mechanism and Effect of Organic Acids and other Contaminants on the Corrosion of Aluminum–finned Copper–tube Heat Exchanger Coils

      Corbett and Severance, 2005

      ARTI–21CR/611–50055–01

      Using Acid Number as a Leading Indicator of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning System Performance

      Cartlidge and Schellhase, 2003

      ARTI–21CR/611–50060–01

      Properties and Cycle Performance of Refrigerant Blends Operating Near and Above the Refrigerant Critical Point

      Task 1 — Refrigerant Properties

      McLinden, Laesecke, Lemmon, Magee, and Perkins, 2002

      ARTI–21CR/605–50010–01–Pt1

      Task 2: Air Conditioner System Study

      Domanski andPayne, 2002

      ARTI–21CR/605–50010–01–Pt2

      MCLR Program Reports

      All reports have since been consolidated in electronic format on CD–ROM and is available upon request from the AHRI Vice President of Research.

        Report Name

        Report Author(s)

        Report ID

        Thermophysical Properties

        Kayser, 1993

        DOE/CE/23810–16

        Thermophysical Properties of HFC–143a and HFC–152a

        Haynes, 1994

        DOE/CE/23810–39

        Thermophysical Properties of HCFC Alternatives

        Haynes, 1996

        DOE/CE/23810–80

        Development of the REFPROP Database and Transport Properties of Refrigerants

        McLinden, 1998

        DOE/CE/23810–97

        ARTI Refrigerant Database — Primary and Recently–added Citations

        Calm, 1999

        DOE/CE/23810–103

        ARTI Refrigerant Database — Archival and Historical Citations

        Calm, 1999

        DOE/CE/23810–104

        ARTI Refrigerant Database Data summaries — Volume I: Single–compound Refrigerants

        Calm, 1999

        DOE/CE/23810–105

        ARTI Refrigerant Database Data summaries – Volume II: Blends (Zeotropes and Azeotropes)

        Calm, 1999

        DOE/CE/23810–106

        ARTI Refrigerant Database Data summaries – Volume III: Toxicity and Compatibility

        Calm, 1999

        DOE/CE/23810–107

        Toxicity Data to Determine Refrigerant Concentration Limits

        Calm, 2000

        DOE/CE/23810–110

        Foaming Characteristics of Refrigerant / Lubricants Mixtures

        Goswami, Shah, Jotshi, Bhagwat, Leung, Gregory, and Lu, 1998

        DOE/CE/23810–88

        Report Name

        Report Author(s)

        Report ID

        Chemical and Thermal Stability of Refrigerant–lubricant Mixtures with Metals

        Huttenlocher 1992

        DOE/CE/23810–5

        Accelerated Screening Methods for Determining Chemical and Thermal Stability of Refrigerant–lubricant Mixtures

        Kauffman,1995

        DOE/CE/23810–41:
        Volume One | Volume Two

        Accelerated Screening Methods for Determining Chemical and Thermal Stability of Refrigerant–lubricant Mixtures, Part I: Method Assessment

        Kauffman, 1993

        DOE/CE/23810–10

        /media/7091DOE Report Name

        Report Author(s)

        Report ID

        Compatibility of Refrigerants and Lubricants with Motor Materials

        Doerr and Kujak, 1993

        DOE/CE/23810–13:
        Volume One | Volume Two | Volume Three | Volume Four

        Compatibility of Refrigerants and Lubricants with Motor Materials under Retrofit Conditions

        Doerr and Waite, 1996

        DOE/CE/23810–63:
        Volume One | Volume Two | Volume Three | Volume Four

        Compatibility of Refrigerant and Lubricants with Elastomers

        Hamed, Seiple,and Taikum, 1994

        DOE/CE/23810–14

        Compatibility of Refrigerant and Lubricants with Engineering Plastics

        Cavestri, 1993

        DOE/CE/23810–15

        Sealed Tube Comparisons of the Compatibility of Desiccants with Refrigerants and Lubricants

        Field, 1995

        DOE/CE/23810–54

        Compatibility of Manufacturing Process Fluids with R–134a and Polyolester Lubricant

        Cavestri and Schooley, 1996

        DOE/CE/23810–55

        Compatibility of Lubricant Additives with HFC Refrigerants and Synthetic Lubricants, Part I

        Cavestri, 1997

        DOE/CE/23810–76

        Documentation of Newly Developed Methods to Assess Material Compatibility in Refrigeration and Air–Conditioning Applications

        Hawley, 1994

        DOE/CE/23810–47

        Accelerated Test Methods for Predicting the Life of Motor Materials Exposed to Refrigerant–lubricant Mixtures

        Ellis II and Ferguson, 2000

        DOE/CE/23810–94

        DOE Report Name

        Report Author(s)

        Report ID

        Theoretical Evaluation of R22 and R502 Alternatives

        Domanski and Didion, 1993

        DOE/CE/23810–7

        Evaluation of HFC–245ca for Commercial use in Low Pressure Chillers

        Keuper, Hamm, and Glamm, 1996

        DOE/CE/23810–67:
        Volume One | Volume Two

        Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) Enhancement of Pool and in–tube Boiling of Alternate Refrigerants

        Ohadi, Dessiatoun, Singh, Fanni, 1993

        DOE/CE/23810–17

        Impact of Air and Refrigerant Maldistributions on the Performance of Finned–tube Evaporators with R–22 and R–407C

        Lee and Domanski, 1997

        DOE/CE/23810–81

        DOE Report Name

        Report Author(s)

        Report ID

        Miscibility of Lubricants with Refrigerants

        Pate, Zoz, and Berkenbosch, 1993

        DOE/CE/23810–18

        Solubility, Viscosity and Density of Refrigerant/lubricant Mixtures

        Henderson, 1994

        DOE/CE/23810–34

        Measurement of Viscosity, Density, and Gas Solubility of Refrigerant Blends in Selected Synthetic Lubricants

        Cavestri, 1995

        DOE/CE/23810–46

        Study of Lubricant Circulation in HVAC Systems

        Biancardi, Michels, Sienel, and Pandy, 1996

        DOE/CE/23810–71:
        Volume One Volume Two

        Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication with Polyolester Lubricants and HFC Refrigerants

        Gunsel and Pozebanchuk, 1999

        DOE/CE/23810–102:
        Volume One | Volume Two

        Accelerated Screening Methods for Predicting Lubricant Performance in Refrigerant Compressors

        Cusano, Yoon, and Poppe, 1994

        DOE/CE/23810–45

        DOE Report Name

        Report Author(s)

        Report ID

        Methods Development for Measuring and Classifying Flammability/Combustibility of Refrigerants, Task 1: Annotated Bibliography and Summary

        Heinonen and Tapscott, 1994

        DOE/CE/23810–42G

        Methods Development for Measuring and Classifying Flammability/Combustibility of Refrigerants, Task 2: Test Plan

        Heinonen and Tapscott, 1994

        DOE/CE/23810–42H

        Methods Development for Measuring and Classifying Flammability/Combustibility of Refrigerants, Task 3: Laboratory Test Results

        Heinonen, Tapscott, and Crawford, 1994

        DOE/CE/23810–50

        Lean Flammability Limit as a Fundamental Refrigerant Property, Phase I

        Womeldorf, King, and Grosshandler, 1995

        DOE/CE/23810–58

        Lean Flammability Limit as a Fundamental Refrigerant Property, Phase II

        Womeldorf and Grosshandler, 1996

        DOE/CE/23810–68

        Lean Flammability Limit as a Fundamental Refrigerant Property, Phase III

        Grosshandler, Donnelly, and Womeldorf, 1998

        DOE/CE/23810–98

        Investigation into the Fractionation of Refrigerant Blends

        Biancardi, Michels, Sienel, and Pandy, 1996

        DOE/CE/23810–75

        Refrigerant Flammability Testing in Large Volume Vessels, Flammability Criterion Determination for ASTM E681

        Richard, 1998

        DOE/CE/23810–87

        Risk Assessment of HFC–32 and HFC–32/134a (30/70 wt%) in Split System Residential Heat Pumps

        Goetzler, Bendixen, and Bartholomew, 1998

        DOE/CE/23810–92

        DOE Report Name

        Report Author(s)

        Report ID

        Investigation of Flushing and Clean–out Methods for Refrigeration Equipment to Ensure System Compatibility

        Byrne, Shows, and Abel, 1996

        DOE/CE/23810–73

        Products of Motor Burnout

        Hawley–Fedder, Goerz, Koester, and Wilson, 1996

        DOE/CE/23810–74

        Effect of Selected Contaminants in Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Equipment,

        Cavestri, Falconi, Ruona, and Schooley, 2000

        DOE/CE/23810–111

        Effects of Temperature on Desiccant Catalysis of Refrigerant and Lubricant Decompositions

        Rohatgi, 1998

        DOE/CE/23810–95

        Equilibrium Point Dryness and Water Capacity of Desiccants with Alternative Refrigerants

        Cavestri and Schafer, 2000

        DOE/CE/23810–108

        Water Solubility and Clathrate Hydrates in HFC Refrigerants and Refrigerant Blends

        Cavestri and Schafer, 2000

        DOE/CE/23810–112

        Infrared Analysis of Refrigerant Mixtures

        Morse, 1998

        DOE/CE/23810–82

        Methods Development for Organic Contaminant Determination in Fluorocarbon Refrigerant Azeotropes and Blends

        Byrne, Abel, and Gbur, 1998

        DOE/CE/23810–85

        Development and Consolidation of Gas Chromatography Methods for Appendix C to ARI 700

        Byrne, Gbur, and Gehring, 2000

        DOE/CE/23810–109